Ruins of Kutila Mura – Ancient Buddhist Stupa Complex at Mainamati
The Ruins of Kutila Mura represent one of the most distinctive Buddhist archaeological sites in Bangladesh. Located in the Lalmai-Mainamati hill range near Cumilla city, this architectural complex stands out for its unusual layout and structural design, which differs significantly from other known Buddhist remains in Bangladesh and neighboring regions.
Archaeological excavations uncovered the lower parts of three circular stupas arranged within the complex. In front of these stupas lies a rectangular assembly hall, along with several smaller votive stupas built by devotees. This arrangement suggests that Kutila Mura functioned both as a sacred monument and a place for religious gatherings.
The three principal stupas symbolize the Tri-Ratna, the Three Jewels of Buddhism:
- The Buddha
- The Dharma (Dhamma) – the teachings of the Buddha
- The Sangha – the community of monks and followers
One of the most remarkable features of the site is the foundation of the central stupa, which was constructed in the shape of a Dharma-chakra (Wheel of Dharma), an important symbol representing the teachings of Buddhism. At the center of this wheel is a deep shaft representing the hub, while the eight spokes are formed by box-shaped chambers radiating outward.
Inside these chambers, archaeologists discovered a variety of significant artifacts, including miniature terracotta and clay votive stupas, inscribed clay tablets, sculptural fragments, and finely crafted Buddhist sculptures made from soft grey shale. These findings reveal the strong religious devotion and artistic traditions associated with the site.
Additionally, five epigraphic records discovered in this region either directly mention or indirectly refer to shrines dedicated to the Ratna-traya (Three Jewels) at Devaparvata, indicating the historical importance of this sacred complex within the Buddhist religious landscape of ancient Bengal.
Today, the ruins of Kutila Mura, during circa 6-11th centuries CE, remain an important cultural and archaeological heritage site, offering valuable insight into the Buddhist history and architectural heritage of early medieval Bangladesh.
✍️ Author : Md Shahin Alam
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